SECTION 281643 - PERIMETER SECURITY SYSTEMS

EDITING INSTRUCTIONS

The following editing instructions relate directly to specific parts of the Section Text where they are referenced by the applicable Editing Instruction No. in the editor's notes:

1. Manufacturers and products named in MASTERSPEC Sections are neither recommended nor endorsed by the American Institute of Architects or ARCOM. Before retaining names, verify that products correspond with other requirements and are both available and suitable for the applications indicated.
2. Unusual service conditions for perimeter security components should be indicated, which may include the following:
   • Abnormally high or low temperatures
   • Altitudes above 4000 feet (1220 m)
   • Exposure to fumes, vapors, or dust
   • Exposure to hazardous (classified) environments
   • Exposure to excessive moisture, including steam, salt spray, or dripping water
   • Exposure to abnormal vibration, shock, or tilting
   • Installation in high-seismic-risk zones
   • Exposure to unusual transportation or storage conditions
   • Unusual space limitations
   • Unusual degree of inaccessibility or maintenance difficulty
3. To allow flexibility in adapting this Section to projects ranging from residential to campus types, two system wiring and control alternatives are presented in the Section Text.
   
   Detection devices are connected to and powered by controllers.
   • One system wiring and control alternative makes the controllers part of the central-station control unit, thus requiring only control wiring between the central-station control unit and the detectors. Most of the signal processing functions are at the central-station control unit. Detectors are direct-acting devices, such as relays, located in the controller; communication to the central-station control unit is via building wire or twisted-pair cable. Data transmission line length is limited by the transmission-line type and controllers. Controllers consist of a power supply and a signaling device. The receiver is part of the central-station control unit. Power to the controller is supplied by the central-station control unit, with standby batteries located at the controller.
   • The other alternative locates controllers in the field, close to the detectors. This scheme requires local area network wiring between the central-station control unit and the controllers, plus the detector manufacturer's wiring between the controller and associated detectors. This is a distributed processing scheme in which signal processing is by field-mounted controllers that have computing capability and store program instructions in nonvolatile memory. Detectors are direct-acting devices, such as relays, located in an "intelligent" controller; the input and output are digital, address-coded, multiplex signals. The transmission medium to the central-station control unit is unshielded, twisted-pair cable. Some intelligent controllers may require the use of coaxial or fiber-optic cable, depending on the features and the amount of remote testing and adjusting required for protected zones. Power to the intelligent controller is from the central-station control unit, with standby batteries located at the controller.
   
   The Section Text refers to a central-station control unit that is part of a manufacturer's or systems integrator's standard package, has limited capacity for the number of protected zones, and is installed at an unattended location or at a location where it is not the attendant's primary function to monitor the security system. By contrast, a central station specified in other related Sections refers to a continuously attended, computer-based station for security monitoring and control. Central stations specified in other related Sections are usually provided by a systems integrator, and must include two-way communication links with central-station control units specified in this Section or intelligent controllers associated with a detector, or a combination of both.
   
   The Section Text includes two other wiring and control alternatives. Dedicated and secure data transmission networks are essential for connecting controllers to the central-station control unit.
   
   Base the decision of choosing a manufacturer's standard perimeter security package versus a built-up, computer-based package that integrates other facility security and access-control functions on the Owner's operational needs, including operator competence and training of security staff, whether security is handled in-house or contracted out, and on the requirements or recommendations of the Owner's insurance underwriter.
   
   Division 28 Section "Intrusion Detection" does not include controllers. Reasons for their exclusion are short transmission line requirements and that less-sophisticated detection devices are needed in indoor applications. However, the system design may certainly include controllers. For example, combining intrusion detection with access control is simpler with the use of controllers, as is the case in Division 28 Section "Access Control."

GENERAL COMMENTS

Selection, design, and specifications of perimeter security systems are influenced by many factors, which are discussed in the Evaluations in Division 01 Section "Special Project Procedures for Detention Facilities." Perimeter security systems may be a part of the detention work identified in the "Special Project Procedures for Detention Facilities" Section, which assigns single-source responsibility to the detention specialist. Coordinate the two Sections to prevent gaps and overlaps.

The installation of perimeter security components is only part of a program to ensure high levels of security in new or renovated facilities. Other measures to enhance security include the following:

• Providing site and architectural elements that promote security
• Providing for adequate maintenance that consists of quick response time, personnel trained in procedures applicable to the Project, and on-site supply of replacement parts, including processor circuit boards, tamper switches, cable with splicing kits, batteries, and battery-charger controls
• Incorporating lighting and lighting controls that are consistent with the desired level of security
• Installing electronic-access control systems
• Using closed-circuit television (CCTV) to meet specific detection, observation, and surveillance requirements
• Installing appropriate communication capability for security, possibly including paging, radio, intercommunication, and public-address systems
• Assigning administrative responsibility for security and providing the necessary human and other resources to satisfy requirements
• Screening prospective employees and training staff to improve overall security
• Establishing an effective employee and visitor identification system

Coordination of Responsibility: Perimeter security must be coordinated and integrated with other security-related program components. The coordination process may be simple for a small facility, but for larger, more complex facilities, particularly detention facilities, the task can be formidable. Thus, design teams for complex facilities often include a security consultant, and the construction force often includes a systems integrator.

The security consultant is usually a specialist who analyzes the overall security needs of the facility and helps the design team develop coordinated solutions. If solutions include perimeter security, the consultant may designate the types of detection devices and their locations and zoning, and the type of monitoring and control to be applied.

The Systems Integrator: Perimeter security rarely relies on a single detector system type and manufacturer. During construction of detention facilities, the integration of detection systems should be the responsibility of a designated detention electronic systems integrator. Optional wording in the Section Text makes either the Installer or the principal manufacturer responsible for systems integration involving perimeter intrusion detection systems.

Assistance and advice in intrusion detection and perimeter security are also available from equipment manufacturers and from distributors and installation-contracting organizations. Such assistance, however, may be biased because the advice giver may have a financial interest in the action.

SYSTEMS INTEGRATION

Perimeter security systems involve the integration of several electronic systems with physical barriers such as lethal and nonlethal fences and razor wire. Additionally, perimeter security systems of the type specified in the Section Text are often integrated with other security-related site and building systems such as CCTV and communications. Ensuring reliable signal and data transmission along lengthy perimeters requires expertise. When perimeter security is integrated with CCTV, the system can automatically aim a camera at the vicinity of intrusion, transfer the output of that camera to a VCR, switch the VCR from time-lapse to continuous recording mode, and open an intercom system "listen" path from that vicinity to the central-station control unit.

Such integration is accomplished through relay logic, networked programmable logic controllers, and a microcomputer with software that controls automatic responses to both CCTV and perimeter security systems. Regardless of the means by which integration is accomplished, additional automatic responses can be programmed as follows:

• Telephone messages describing the incident automatically sent to stations that need to be notified.
• Instructions for action to be taken by security personnel automatically displayed on computer monitors.

A further step in systems integration is feasible for complex projects. Security systems can be integrated not only with each other, but also with other electronic systems including the following:

• Fire alarm.
• Energy management and control.
• Access control.

Integration can save space and reduce equipment, wiring, training, and maintenance costs. Integration of perimeter security and fire-alarm systems usually needs special approval by authorities having jurisdiction who may require redundancy of devices and systems that are specially listed for integrated installations.

Some manufacturers offer proprietary integrated systems that combine two or more of the above systems. The industry also provides software and special hardware that make systems integration easier and that solve special integration problems.

To get help in evaluating opportunities for systems integration for a project, contact the International Association of Professional Security Consultants, an organization of independent security consultants that have no product affiliations.

SPECIFYING CONSIDERATIONS

The Role of Standards: Specifications for perimeter security devices and equipment for buildings rely on Underwriters Laboratories (UL) standards for basic quality-control requirements, but perimeter security relies on the Installer's skill, testing, and systems integration to accomplish the desired level of protection. If a UL-labeled system is required for the Project, determine the class of service, then select the UL standard that covers the type of circuits and notification. If UL-listed subsystems are available, add the appropriate UL listing to the device or system in the Section Text. The content and coverage of UL standards dealing with the subject of burglar alarms are not always evident from the titles. The following descriptions should help identify the standards for perimeter security equipment:

• UL 365, Police Station Connected Burglar Alarm Units and Systems, covers equipment used in systems designed to be monitored at police stations. Mercantile burglar-alarm systems are designated as Grade A or Grade AA and are designated for use on either mercantile premises or mercantile safes and vaults. Equipment intended for combination burglar-alarm and fire-protective signaling systems is required to comply with UL 864, Control Units for Fire-Protective Signaling Systems. A variety of connections to police departments are included in UL 365.
• UL 609, Local Burglar Alarm Units and Systems, is an equipment standard for systems (including alarm control units) that are not required to meet the higher standards of proprietary, police, and central-station-connected systems. As defined by these requirements, a local alarm system consists of protective circuits and devices connected through a control apparatus to an enclosed, tamper-protected sounding device mounted on an outside wall of the building in which the protected property is situated. These systems usually operate within the limits of Class 2 remote-control and signal circuits as defined by Article 725 in NFPA 70, National Electrical Code (NEC). Local mercantile burglar-alarm systems are designated as Grade A and are designated for their acceptability on either mercantile premises or mercantile safes and vaults.
• UL 611, Central-Station Burglar-Alarm Systems, describes requirements for central stations that actively monitor the electrical protection circuits and devices of remote premises. Central station burglar-alarm systems covered by these requirements are systems in which the operations of electrical protection circuits and devices are automatically signaled to, recorded in, maintained in, and supervised from a central station having trained operators and alarm investigators (runners) in attendance at all times. These requirements serve as the basis for classifying a system as Grade C, Grade CC, Grade B, Grade BB, Grade A, Grade AA, or limited mercantile.
• UL 639, Intrusion Detection Units, describes intrusion detectors that consist of one or more unit assemblies of electrical components that detect the presence, movement, sound, or other activity of an intruder. UL 639 covers a variety of space and perimeter security devices, including both passive-infrared and infrared-beam detectors, ultrasonic and microwave units, vibration and glass-break detectors, and various types of field-effect devices and cables.
• UL 681, Installation and Classification of Burglar and Holdup Alarm Systems, defines requirements for installing intrusion detection and related systems including holdup-alarm initiating devices that send duress signals to locations off the premises. These systems employ Class 2 remote-control and signal circuits as defined by Article 725 in the NEC. The requirements assume that standard telephone operating practices are acceptable for leased or other lines connecting to a police or central station as defined by Article 800 in the NEC.
• UL 1610, Central-Station Burglar-Alarm Units, covers requirements for components intended for use in central station burglar-alarm systems covered by UL 611, and in which the operations of electrical protection circuits and devices are automatically transmitted to, recorded in, maintained from, and supervised from a central station having trained operators and alarm investigators (runners) in attendance at all times. These requirements are the basis for classifying central station burglar-alarm systems as Grade C, Grade CC, Grade B, Grade BB, Grade A, or Grade AA, according to the construction and performance requirements for components of that system. However, requirements covering the complete systems are contained in UL 611. Regardless of the grade of equipment as determined by these requirements, protective devices installed on individual properties are further classified according to the extent of protection, the requirements covering installation, and the extent of alarm protective equipment as published in UL 681. If equipment covered by these requirements is intended for use in a combination burglar-alarm and fire-protective signaling system, the portion of the equipment serving a fire-alarm function is covered by UL 864. Systems covered by these requirements operate using Class 2 remote-control and signal circuits as defined by Article 725 in the NEC. UL 1610 assumes that standard telephone operating practices are acceptable for leased or other lines connecting to a police or central station as defined by Article 800 in the NEC.
• UL 1635, Digital Alarm Communicator System Units, covers digital alarm communicator system units for use in central station burglar-alarm systems, proprietary burglar-alarm systems, police-station- connected burglar-alarm systems, residential burglar-alarm systems, residential fire-warning systems, and home healthcare medical-alert systems.

Only the primary standards above are referred to in the Section Text. Standards other than these may apply to a project, but they are incorporated by reference into the primary standards and do not need to be repeated.

Warranty: An optional special warranty period for perimeter security components is included in the Section Text. As in other highly complex systems, it is difficult to test for, detect, recognize, and evaluate deficiencies within the standard one-year period for correcting Work. The one-year period may not be adequate for intricate systems whose operation involves fine tuning, training, staffing, and coordinating with other similar high-tech features and off-site elements. Consider specifying an extended warranty period for the overall system, obtaining an alternate bid for an extended maintenance contract, or implementing other provisions that recognize the special problems involved with equipment of this type. For detention projects, coordinate a special warranty with corresponding provisions in Division 28 Section "PLC Electronic Detention Monitoring and Control Systems."

Device Features: Features that require software modules at the central-station control unit are not included in the Section Text. If these features are part of Project requirements, verify their suitability for the specified environmental conditions, build the interface with the central console, represent the connection on a block diagram, and add the feature to the Section Text, at both the device level and the central-station software level.

The following are examples of device features that may be available and that can be added:

• Addressable devices
• Antimasking
• Multiplexing of signals
• Self-testing or testing from a remote location

Most sensors have local-control units and the capability to transmit alarm, supervisory, and tamper signals to a central station if this capability is included in the Section Text.

Combining Detector Types: The Section Text lists the different detector types in separate articles. At certain locations, it may be desirable to provide a combination of detectors for a given zone or perimeter. An example is to combine strain-sensitive cable that protects the chain-link fence with buried, ported coaxial cable that senses an approaching intruder. Combining detector types is usually shown on the Drawings. Some combinations are produced as packaged products by manufacturers. In these instances, the articles describing the function should be combined into a single Article by the specifier.

SECURITY FASTENERS

Detention and security facilities require fasteners that cannot be manipulated without using special tools. Security fasteners meet this requirement and are available in several drive systems, head styles, and materials. See the Evaluations in the "Special Project Procedures for Detention Facilities" Section.

REFERENCED STANDARDS

Publication dates represent the editions on which the current Section Text is based. Standards are revised periodically, which may occur before this Section is updated again.

ASTM International

ASTM A 574-00: Specification for Alloy Steel Socket-Head Cap Screws

ASTM A 574M-00: Specification for Alloy Steel Socket-Head Cap Screws [Metric]

ASTM F 835-00: Specification for Alloy Steel Socket Button and Flat Countersunk Head Cap Screws

ASTM F 835M-00: Specification for Alloy Steel Socket Button and Flat Countersunk Head Cap Screws [Metric]

ASTM F 837-02a: Specification for Stainless Steel Socket Head Cap Screws

ASTM F 837M-02a: Specification for Stainless Steel Socket Head Cap Screws [Metric]

ASTM F 879-02: Specification for Stainless Steel Socket Button and Flat Countersunk Head Cap Screws

ASTM F 879M-02: Specification for Stainless Steel Socket Button and Flat Countersunk Head Cap Screws [Metric]

ASTM F 1135-99: Specification for Cadmium or Zinc Chromate Organic Corrosion Protective Coating for Fasteners

ASTM F 1137-00: Specification for Phosphate/Oil and Phosphate/Organic Corrosion Protective Coatings for Fasteners

Code of Federal Regulations

29 CFR - Labor, Chapter XVII - Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Department of Labor, Part 1910 - "Occupational Safety and Health Standards," Subpart A - "General," Section 1910.7 - "Definition and Requirements for a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory." 2001.

47 CFR - Telecommunication, Chapter I - Federal Communications Commission, Part 15 - "Radio Frequency Devices." 2001.

Electronic Industries Alliance

EIA 170-95: Electrical Performance Standards - Monochrome Television Studio Facilities

EIA 310-92:Racks, Panels, and Associated Equipment (ANSI)

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

NEMA 250-97: Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (1000 Volts Maximum)

NFPA International

NFPA 70-02: National Electrical Code

NFPA 72-02: National Fire Alarm Code

Underwriters Laboratories Inc.

UL 294-99 (Rev. 01): Access Control System Units

UL 639-97 (Rev. 02): Intrusion Detection Units

UL 1610-98 (Rev. 01): Central-Station Burglar-Alarm Units

UL 1638-01: Visual Signaling Appliances - Private Mode Emergency and General Utility Signaling

REFERENCES

The following publications are useful in specifying perimeter security. Other references may be needed for design purposes.

Association Publications

American Correctional Association. Planning and Design Guide for Secure Adult and Juvenile Facilities. Leonard Wilkes, ed. Lanham, MD: ACA, 2000. (4380 Forbes Blvd., Lanham, MD 20706-4322; 800-222-5646)

Telecommunications Industry Association/Electronic Industries Alliance. TIA/EIA 568-B.1: Commercial Building Telecommunications Wiring Standard. Arlington, VA: TIA/EIA, 2001.

_____. TIA/EIA 569: Commercial Building Standard for Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces. 1990 (Revised 1998).

Underwriters Laboratories Inc. UL 365: Police Station Connected Burglar Alarm Units and Systems. Northbrook, IL: UL, 1997 (Rev. 01).

Magazine Articles

Doherty, Kate. "Degrees of Integration: Three Users' Views." Access Control and Security Systems Integration March 1998: 22+.

Mesenbrink, John. "Business Park Implements Perimeter Security System." Security September 2002: 51.

Moore, Wayne D. "Systems Integration - It's Here." NFPA Journal January/February 2000: 30+.

Books

Barnard, Robert L. Intrusion Detection Systems. 2nd ed. London: Butterworths, 1999.

Garcia, Mary Lynn. The Design and Evaluation of Physical Protection Systems. Woburn MA: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2001.

Krasnov, Peter Charles, and Bo Parker. Correctional Facility Design and Detailing. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997.

Traister, John E. Security/Fire Alarm Systems: Design, Installation, Maintenance. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995.

Trimmer, H. William. Understanding and Servicing Alarm Systems. London: Butterworths, 1999.

Walker, Phillip. Electronic Security Systems. 3rd ed. London: Butterworths, 1996.

Web Sites

American Correctional Association: www.corrections.com/aca/

ASIS International: www.asisonline.org

Central Station Alarm Association: www.csaaul.org

FM Global: www.fmglobal.com

International Association of Professional Security Consultants: www.iapsc.org

National Burglar & Fire Alarm Association: www.alarm.org

Security Industry Association: www.siaonline.org

LISTED MANUFACTURERS

The list of manufacturers is neither a recommendation for the companies nor an endorsement of their products. Verify manufacturers' capability to comply with indicated requirements each time the Section Text is edited.

ADEMCO Group

Pittway Corporation

Syosset, NY

(800) 645-7568; (516) 921-6704

www.ademco.com



Alarm Controls Corp.

Deer Park, NY

(800) 645-5538; (631) 586-4220

www.alarmcontrols.com



Aleph International Corporation

San Fernando, CA

(800) 423-5622; (818) 365-9856

www.aleph-usa.com



Amseco

Division of Kobishi America, Inc.

Carson, CA

(310) 538-4670

www.amseco-kai.com



BEI Communications, Inc.

Stafford, TX

(281) 340-2100

www.beicomm.com



Camcar Textron Inc.

Rockford, IL

(800) 544-6117; (815) 961-5000

www.camcar.textron.com



Continental Instruments

Amityville, NY

(631) 842-9400

www.cicaccess.com



Corby Industries Inc.

Allentown, PA

(800) 652-6729; (610) 433-1412

www.corby.com



Crow Electronic Engineering, Inc.

Fort Lee, NJ

(800) 438-2769; (201) 944-0005

www.crowelec.com



DAQ Electronics, Inc.

Piscataway, NJ

(732) 981-0050

www.daq.net



Diebold, Incorporated

North Canton, OH

(800) 999-3600; (888) 669-5940

www.diebold.com



Digital Security Controls, Ltd.

Concord, ON

CANADA

(800) 387-3630; (905) 760-3000

www.dscgrp.com



Edwards Signaling

Cheshire, CT

(203) 699-3000

www.edwards-signals.com



FBII

Pittway Corporation

Syosset, NY

(800) 645-5430; (516) 921-8666

www.fbii.com



Gentex Corporation

Fire Protection Group

Zeeland, MI

(616) 772-1800

www.gentex.com



George Risk Industries

Kimball, NE

(800) 523-1227; (308) 235-4645

www.grisk.com



Holo-Krome

A Danaher Corporation

Lancaster, PA

(717) 898-6540

www.danaher.com



Honeywell International Inc.

Morristown, NJ

(800) 345-6770; (973) 455-2000

www.honeywell.com



ICU Security, Inc.

Newbury Park, CA

(805) 498-1820

www.icucorp.com



Integrated Security Corporation

Walled Lake, MI

(248) 624-0700

www.integratedsecuritycorp.com



International Electronics Inc.

Canton, MA

(800) 343-9502; (781) 821-5566

www.ieib.com



Magal Security Systems Ltd.

Yehud

ISRAEL

+972 3 539 1444

www.magal-ssl.com



NAPCO Security Systems, Inc.

Amityville, NY

(631) 842-9400

www.napcosecurity.com



Optex

Torrance, CA

(800) 966-7839; (310) 533-1500

www.optexamerica.com



Perimeter Products, Inc.

Fremont, CA

(510) 249-1450

www.perimeterproducts.com



Potter Electric Signal

St. Louis, MO

(800) 325-3936

www.pottersignal.com



PULNiX America, Inc.

Sunnyvale, CA

(800) 445-5444

www.pulnix.com



Richardson Electronics, Ltd.

Houston, TX

(800) 722-2288; (713) 996-3800

www.cctvnet.com



Safeguards Technology, Inc.

Hackensack, NJ

(201) 488-1022

www.sibgonline.com/public/companyweb.asp?companyid=1157



Safety Socket Screw Corporation

Chicago, IL

(773) 763-2020

www.safetysocket.com



Senstar-Stellar Inc.

Fremont, CA

(800) 676-3300; (510) 440-1000

www.senstarstellar.com



Silent Witness Enterprises, Ltd.

Surrey, BC

CANADA

(888) 289-2288; (604) 574-1526

www.gyyr.com



Southwest Microwave, Inc.

Tempe, AZ

(480) 783-0201

www.southwestmicrowave.com



Tamper-Pruf Screws, Inc.

Paramount, CA

(310) 531-9340

www.tamperprufscrews.com



Trentech

A Division of Norment Security Group

A CompuDyne Company

Montgomery, AL

(800) 633-1968; (334) 281-8440

www.trentech.com



Ultrak, Inc.

A Division of Ademco Video Systems

Lewisville, TX

(800) 796-2288; (972) 353-6400

www.ultrak.com



Visonic Inc.

Bloomfield, CT

(800) 223-0020

www.visonic-usa.com



Wheelock, Inc.

Long Branch, NJ

(800) 554-1420; (732) 222-6880

www.wheelockinc.com